glycyrrhetinic acid
Inhibition of CYP enzymes by glycyrrhetinic acid
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The potential of licorice dietary supplements to interact with drug metabolism was evaluated by testing extracts of three botanically identified licorice species (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish. ex DC. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin) and 14 isolated licorice compounds for inhibition of 9 cytochrome P450 enzymes using a UHPLC-MS/MS cocktail assay. G. glabra showed moderate inhibitory effects against CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, and weak inhibition against CYP3A4 (testosterone). In contrast, G. uralensis strongly inhibited CYP2B6 and moderately inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, and G. inflata strongly inhibited CYP2C enzymes and moderately inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 (midazolam). The licorice compounds isoliquiritigenin, licoricidin, licochalcone A, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, and glycycoumarin inhibited one or more members of the CYP2C family of enzymes. Glycycoumarin and licochalcone A inhibited CYP1A2, but only glycycoumarin inhibited CYP2B6. Isoliquiritigenin, glabridin and licoricidin competitively inhibited CYP3A4, while licochalcone A (specific to G. inflata roots) was a mechanism-based inhibitor. The three licorice species commonly used in botanical dietary supplements have varying potential for drug-botanical interactions as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms. Each species of licorice displays a unique profile of constituents with potential for drug interactions.
1 . Inhibition of CYP2C8 by 18-beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid (id=NPDI-fleVog)
In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Experiment
Inhibition was detected. Cutoff used —
50 % inhibition
- CYP2C8 4306333
Cell fraction Pooled human liver microsomes -7999662
Results
| Sample | Compound measured | Value | Measurement | Study sequence | Additional information | N replicates |
|---|
Experimental Conditions
0.2 mg/mL
10 min
NADPH
1 µM
4.71 μg/mL
2 . Inhibition of CYP3A4 by 18-beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid (id=NPDI-92ORyA)
In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Experiment
Inhibition was detected. Cutoff used —
50 % inhibition
- CYP3A4 4306811
Cell fraction Pooled human liver microsomes -7999662
Results
| Sample | Compound measured | Value | Measurement | Study sequence | Additional information | N replicates |
|---|
Experimental Conditions
0.2 mg/mL
10 min
NADPH
50 µM
4.71 μg/mL