[{"id":835,"uid":"NPDI-iLBKJw","name":"R21 Goldenseal Project","napdiIdentifier":null,"overallSummary":"Inhibition of PMAT, THTR2, and OCT3 transporters were tested using both goldenseal extract and berberine. Two pharmacokinetic studies measured the Cmax, AUC, AUCR, half-life, and Tmax of metformin alone and in combination with other test articles (goldenseal extract, berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, and imatinib).","pubmedId":null,"embaseId":null,"croIdentifier":"WSU-1","croInformation":"WSU","dateStart":null,"dateEnd":null,"internalComment":null,"status":"published","compoundId":null,"naturalProductUid":"NP-002d7e9a-2baf-47cb-a936-51ba9cbb36a7","naturalProductSampleId":null,"studySourceTypeId":3,"naturalProduct":{"uid":"NP-002d7e9a-2baf-47cb-a936-51ba9cbb36a7","binomial":"Hydrastis canadensis","name":"Goldenseal","itis":null,"srs":"66690655-f406-4d67-96e3-2066aafee8d5","source_id":"","conceptId":null},"compound":null,"studySourceType":{"id":3,"name":"Unpublished data submitted through a NaPDI form"},"experiments":[{"id":1439,"uid":"NPDI-ofSGNw","name":"Inhibition of OCT3 by Berberine","overallEffect":1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Inhibition</span></p>","croIdentifier":null,"comment":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in; line-height: 22px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Berberine is a constituent of Goldenseal.&nbsp;</p>","experimentalConditionsComment":"DMSO was used as vehicle.","resultsComment":"Goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2 transporter activity.","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":328,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":80,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":5,"testSystemId":22,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":5,"name":"In Vitro Transporter Inhibition","isInVitro":true,"isTransporter":true,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000060"},"objectCompound":{"id":328,"name":"mpp+","unii":null,"inChIKey":"FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":"<p>1-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium</p>","conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":80,"name":"berberine","unii":null,"inChIKey":"YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":19012197,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[{"id":17,"name":"OCT3 (SLC22A3)","conceptId":null,"experiment_transporter_xref":{"experiment":1439,"transporte":17}}],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1462,"uid":"NPDI-n4yXtA","name":"Intravenous Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Goldenseal Extract","overallEffect":0,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":null,"croIdentifier":null,"comment":null,"experimentalConditionsComment":"Blood was used for LC-MS analysis.","resultsComment":"<strong>Control:</strong> <br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br /><strong>Test: </strong><br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 1.27 (1.10-1.48)","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":49,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":178,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":9,"testSystemId":null,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":9,"name":"In Vivo Interaction","isInVitro":false,"isTransporter":false,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000071"},"objectCompound":{"id":49,"name":"metformin","unii":null,"inChIKey":"XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":1503297,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":178,"name":"aqueous goldenseal extract","unii":null,"inChIKey":null,"publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1437,"uid":"NPDI-g3SJcw","name":"Inhibition of THTR2 by Goldenseal","overallEffect":1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Inhibition</span></p>","croIdentifier":null,"comment":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in; line-height: 22px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Goldenseal was normalized to berberine content.</p>","experimentalConditionsComment":"DMSO was used as vehicle.","resultsComment":"Goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2 transporter activity.","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":329,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":127,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":5,"testSystemId":22,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":5,"name":"In Vitro Transporter Inhibition","isInVitro":true,"isTransporter":true,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000060"},"objectCompound":{"id":329,"name":"thiamine","unii":null,"inChIKey":"JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":"Vitamin B1","conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":127,"name":"goldenseal root extract","unii":null,"inChIKey":null,"publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[{"id":18,"name":"THTR2 (SLC19A3)","conceptId":null,"experiment_transporter_xref":{"experiment":1437,"transporte":18}}],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1458,"uid":"NPDI-dS7vAQ","name":"Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Goldenseal Extract","overallEffect":-1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":null,"croIdentifier":null,"comment":null,"experimentalConditionsComment":"Blood was used for LC-MS analysis.","resultsComment":"<strong>Control:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 4.7 (24)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br /><strong>Test:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 3.3 (17); p-value &lt; 0.05 compared to vehicle by 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.69 (0.59-0.83)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.83 (0.74-0.95)","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":49,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":178,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":9,"testSystemId":null,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":9,"name":"In Vivo Interaction","isInVitro":false,"isTransporter":false,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000071"},"objectCompound":{"id":49,"name":"metformin","unii":null,"inChIKey":"XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":1503297,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":178,"name":"aqueous goldenseal extract","unii":null,"inChIKey":null,"publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1463,"uid":"NPDI-YlzfNg","name":"Intravenous Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Imatinib","overallEffect":0,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":null,"croIdentifier":null,"comment":null,"experimentalConditionsComment":"Blood was used for LC-MS analysis.","resultsComment":"<strong>Control:</strong> <br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br /><strong>Test: </strong><br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 1.20 (0.97-1.50)","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":49,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":377,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":9,"testSystemId":null,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":9,"name":"In Vivo Interaction","isInVitro":false,"isTransporter":false,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000071"},"objectCompound":{"id":49,"name":"metformin","unii":null,"inChIKey":"XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":1503297,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":377,"name":"imatinib","unii":null,"inChIKey":"KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1435,"uid":"NPDI-WdP3OQ","name":"Inhibition of OCT3 by Goldenseal","overallEffect":1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Inhibition</span></p>","croIdentifier":null,"comment":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in; line-height: 22px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Goldenseal was normalized to berberine content.&nbsp;</p>","experimentalConditionsComment":"DMSO was used as vehicle.","resultsComment":"Goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2 transporter activity.","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":328,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":127,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":5,"testSystemId":22,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":5,"name":"In Vitro Transporter Inhibition","isInVitro":true,"isTransporter":true,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000060"},"objectCompound":{"id":328,"name":"mpp+","unii":null,"inChIKey":"FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":"<p>1-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium</p>","conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":127,"name":"goldenseal root extract","unii":null,"inChIKey":null,"publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[{"id":17,"name":"OCT3 (SLC22A3)","conceptId":null,"experiment_transporter_xref":{"experiment":1435,"transporte":17}}],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1460,"uid":"NPDI-yehRxQ","name":"Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - (-)-β-hydrastine","overallEffect":0,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":null,"croIdentifier":null,"comment":null,"experimentalConditionsComment":"Blood was used for LC-MS analysis.","resultsComment":"<strong>Control:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 4.7 (24)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br /><strong>Test:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 4.4 (21)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.93 (0.82-1.07)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.95 (0.82-1.11)","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":49,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":81,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":9,"testSystemId":null,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":9,"name":"In Vivo Interaction","isInVitro":false,"isTransporter":false,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000071"},"objectCompound":{"id":49,"name":"metformin","unii":null,"inChIKey":"XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":1503297,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":81,"name":"(-)-beta-hydrastine","unii":null,"inChIKey":null,"publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":82},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1440,"uid":"NPDI-eiNjiQ","name":"Inhibition of PMAT by Berberine","overallEffect":1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Inhibition</span></p>","croIdentifier":null,"comment":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in; line-height: 22px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Berberine is a constituent of Goldenseal.&nbsp;</p>","experimentalConditionsComment":"DMSO was used as vehicle.","resultsComment":"Goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2 transporter activity.","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":328,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":80,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":5,"testSystemId":22,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":5,"name":"In Vitro Transporter Inhibition","isInVitro":true,"isTransporter":true,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000060"},"objectCompound":{"id":328,"name":"mpp+","unii":null,"inChIKey":"FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":"<p>1-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium</p>","conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":80,"name":"berberine","unii":null,"inChIKey":"YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":19012197,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[{"id":16,"name":"ENT4 (SLC29A4)","conceptId":null,"experiment_transporter_xref":{"experiment":1440,"transporte":16}}],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1441,"uid":"NPDI-NyZpzA","name":"Inhibition of THTR2 by Berberine","overallEffect":1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Inhibition</span></p>","croIdentifier":null,"comment":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in; line-height: 22px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Berberine is a constituent of Goldenseal.&nbsp;</p>","experimentalConditionsComment":"DMSO was used as vehicle.","resultsComment":"Goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2 transporter activity.","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":329,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":80,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":5,"testSystemId":22,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":5,"name":"In Vitro Transporter Inhibition","isInVitro":true,"isTransporter":true,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000060"},"objectCompound":{"id":329,"name":"thiamine","unii":null,"inChIKey":"JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":"Vitamin B1","conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":80,"name":"berberine","unii":null,"inChIKey":"YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":19012197,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[{"id":18,"name":"THTR2 (SLC19A3)","conceptId":null,"experiment_transporter_xref":{"experiment":1441,"transporte":18}}],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1461,"uid":"NPDI-yewsDg","name":"Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Imatinib","overallEffect":-1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":null,"croIdentifier":null,"comment":null,"experimentalConditionsComment":"Blood was used for LC-MS analysis.","resultsComment":"<strong>Control:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 4.7 (24)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br /><strong>Test:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 3.7 (12)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.79 (0.65-0.96)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.89 (0.74-1.07)","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":49,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":377,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":9,"testSystemId":null,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":9,"name":"In Vivo Interaction","isInVitro":false,"isTransporter":false,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000071"},"objectCompound":{"id":49,"name":"metformin","unii":null,"inChIKey":"XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":1503297,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":377,"name":"imatinib","unii":null,"inChIKey":"KTUFNOKKBVMGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1459,"uid":"NPDI-KWj0Jg","name":"Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Berberine","overallEffect":0,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":null,"croIdentifier":null,"comment":null,"experimentalConditionsComment":"Blood was used for LC-MS analysis.","resultsComment":"<strong>Control:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 4.7 (24)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): N/A<br /><strong>Test:</strong><br />-AUC<sub>0-4h</sub>: 4.1 (26)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-4h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.87 (0.67-1.15)<br />-AUCR (ratio of AUC<sub>0-12h </sub>in presence of test article to vehicle; values represented as geometric means with 90% CI): 0.92 (0.71-1.19)","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":49,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":80,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":9,"testSystemId":null,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":9,"name":"In Vivo Interaction","isInVitro":false,"isTransporter":false,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000071"},"objectCompound":{"id":49,"name":"metformin","unii":null,"inChIKey":"XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":1503297,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":80,"name":"berberine","unii":null,"inChIKey":"YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":19012197,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]},{"id":1436,"uid":"NPDI-_tymTQ","name":"Inhibition of PMAT by Goldenseal","overallEffect":1,"isControlData":false,"isIc50Shift":false,"croCutoff":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Inhibition</span></p>","croIdentifier":null,"comment":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 6pt 0in; line-height: 22px; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: #00000a;\">Goldenseal was normalized to berberine content.</p>","experimentalConditionsComment":"DMSO was used as vehicle.","resultsComment":"Goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2 transporter activity.","internalComment":null,"objectCompoundId":328,"objectMetaboliteCompoundId":null,"precipitantCompoundId":127,"cytochromeB5Id":null,"studyId":835,"experimentTypeId":5,"testSystemId":22,"ic50ShiftExperimentId":null,"controlDataExperimentId":null,"controlDataForExperimentId":null,"naturalProductSampleId":null,"experimentType":{"id":5,"name":"In Vitro Transporter Inhibition","isInVitro":true,"isTransporter":true,"isEnzyme":false,"purl":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DIDEO_00000060"},"objectCompound":{"id":328,"name":"mpp+","unii":null,"inChIKey":"FMGYKKMPNATWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N","publicDescription":null,"internalComment":"<p>1-methyl-4-phenylpyridin-1-ium</p>","conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"precipitantCompound":{"id":127,"name":"goldenseal root extract","unii":null,"inChIKey":null,"publicDescription":null,"internalComment":null,"conceptId":null,"enantiomerOfId":null},"objectMetaboliteCompound":null,"enzymes":[],"transporters":[{"id":16,"name":"ENT4 (SLC29A4)","conceptId":null,"experiment_transporter_xref":{"experiment":1436,"transporte":16}}],"quantifiedMetabolites":[]}]}]