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This comprehensive approach could be applied to other natural products with drug interaction potential.","study.pubmedId":29467215,"study.embaseId":null,"study.croIdentifier":"DPS-WSU","study.croInformation":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope","study.dateStart":"2016-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","study.dateEnd":"2017-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","study.internalComment":"This in vitro study was entered from unpublised data from Dr. Mary Paine's lab. 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The potential for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-based interactions are relatively understudied, particularly those in the intestine. As with all botanical dietary supplements, green tea is a complex and variable mixture of diverse phytoconstituents. Comprehensive, high-throughput, robust methods are needed to identify candidate precipitants of interactions with drugs. Using a biochemometrics approach that combines chemometrics with established bioassays, intestinal UGT inhibitors in green tea were identified and evaluated for their in vivo interaction potential. Four widely available green teas that were chemically similar to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) leaf reference material were selected for evaluation as inhibitors of intestinal UGT activity using human intestinal microsomes. Extracts and five fractions (prepared from the original extracts) of each tea were tested (20, 60, 180 µg/mL) using the nonspecific fluorescent substrate 4-methylumbelliferone. Fractions rich in UGT inhibitory constituents were identified via mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics; these fractions were fractionated further and subjected to biochemometric analysis to identify individual UGT inhibitors. The Ki of two of these constituents and the original extract of a representative tea were determined using raloxifene a clinically relevant substrate. The Ki values were applied to a mechanistic static model to evaluate the potential for a green tea-raloxifene interaction in vivo. Effects of the extracts and fractions from all four teas were qualitatively similar, inhibiting intestinal UGT activity in a concentration-dependent manner (by 0 to >95% relative to vehicle control). The UGT inhibitory constituents tended to reside in the more hydrophilic subfractions of the fraction prepared from the representative extract. (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), two abundant catechins contained in green tea, were identified as major UGT inhibitors in these subfractions. Ki values were 2.0 and 0.8-1.0 μM, respectively, which were ~100x lower than concentrations measured in a 240-mL cup of hot tea prepared from the NIST leaf reference material. A biochemometric approach, which combines bioactivity data with chemometric analysis, was successfully applied to green tea for identifying intestinal UGT inhibitors that could precipitate an interaction with raloxifene and other UGT substrates (e.g., raltegravir, ezetimibe, and mycophenolic acid). 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