Cannabis (Cannabis sativa)
Cannabidiol enhances xenobiotic permeability through the human placental barrier by direct inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein: an ex vivo study.
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OBJECTIVE:
Drugs of abuse affect pregnancy outcomes, however, the mechanisms in which cannabis exerts its effects are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of short-term (1-2 hours) exposure to cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, on human placental breast cancer resistance protein function.
STUDY DESIGN:
The in vitro effect of short-term exposure to cannabidoil on breast cancer resistance protein in BeWo and Jar cells (MCF7/P-gp cells were used for comparison) was tested with mitoxantrone uptake, and nicardipine was used as positive control. The ex vivo perfused cotyledon system was used for testing the effect of cannabidoil on glyburide transport across the placenta. Glyburide (200 ng/mL) was introduced to maternal and fetal compartments through a recirculating 2 hour perfusion, and its transplacental transport was tested with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) cannabidoil.
RESULTS:
(1) Cannabidoil inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein-dependent mitoxantrone efflux was concentration dependent and of a noncell type specific nature (P < .0001); (2) In the cotyledon perfusion assay, the administration of cannabidoil to the maternal perfusion media increased the female/male ratio of glyburide concentrations (1.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 at 120 minutes of perfusion, P < .001).
CONCLUSION:
(1) Placental breast cancer resistance protein function is inhibited following even a short-term exposure to cannabidoil; (2) the ex vivo perfusion assay emphasize this effect by increased placental penetration of glyburide to the fetal compartment; and (3) these findings suggest that marijuana consumption enhances placental barrier permeability to xenobiotics and could endanger the developing fetus. Thus, the safety of drugs that are breast cancer resistance protein substrates is questionable during cannabis consumption by pregnant women.
1 . Jar: CBD-Mitoxantrone (id=NPDI-3VIAiw)
In Vitro Transporter Inhibition Experiment
Inhibition was detected. Cutoff used —
Not specified
- BCRP (ABCG2)
Cell system Jar
Results
Fig 1b at 25 μM CBD
10 μM CBD ~125% ± 10% inhibition
Table 1
| Sample | Compound measured | Value | Measurement | Study sequence | Additional information | N replicates |
|---|
Experimental Conditions
15 x 10^4 - 20 x 10^4 cells/well
6-well plates
30 min pre-, 30 min post
7.4
10 and 25 μM
The Hebrew University
2 . MCF7/P-gp: CBD-mitoxantrone (id=NPDI-GRyerw)
In Vitro Transporter Inhibition Experiment
Inhibition was detected. Cutoff used —
Not specified
- P-gp (ABCB1)
Cell system MCF7/P-gp
Results
Fig 1c at 20 μM CBD
10 μM CBD ~140% ± 20% inhibition
Table 1
| Sample | Compound measured | Value | Measurement | Study sequence | Additional information | N replicates |
|---|
Experimental Conditions
15 x 10^4 - 20 x 10^4 cells/well
6-well plates
30 min pre-, 30 min post
7.4
10 and 25 μM
The Hebrew University
3 . BeWo: CBD-mitoxantrone (id=NPDI-4htiMA)
In Vitro Transporter Inhibition Experiment
Inhibition was detected. Cutoff used —
Not specified
- BCRP (ABCG2)
Cell system BeWo
Results
Figure 1a at 25 μM CBD
10 μM CBD ~130% ± 15% inhibition
| Sample | Compound measured | Value | Measurement | Study sequence | Additional information | N replicates |
|---|
Experimental Conditions
15 x 10^4 - 20 x 10^4 cells/well
6-well plates
30 min pre-, 30 min post
7.4
10 and 20 μM
The Hebrew University