Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)

Full Name: Hydrastis canadensis L.
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Ranunculales
Family Name: Ranunculaceae
Latin Binomial: Hydrastis canadensis
Common Names: Goldenseal, Orangeroot, Yellow root and Yellow-puccoon

Natural Product Information From GSRS

Resource Identifier
= Induction
= Inhibition
= No overall effect

Published in vitro enzyme experiments

berberine lovastatin acetaminophen goldenseal root extract hydrastine ethanolic goldenseal extract aqueous goldenseal extract (-)-beta-hydrastine
CYP2C19
CYP3A4
CYP1A1
CYP1A2
CYP3A
CYP2E1
CYP2C8
CYP2C9
CYP2D6

Published in vitro transporter experiments

verapamil tetrandrine berberine goldenseal root extract
P-gp (ABCB1)
BCRP (ABCG2)
OCT2 (SLC22A2)
ENT4 (SLC29A4)
THTR2 (SLC19A3)
OCT3 (SLC22A3)

Chemical characterization

hydrastine berberine (-)-beta-hydrastine
Goldenseal Characterization of Material Experiment 8.75 ± 0.22 mg/g sample 29.8 ± 1.8 mg/g sample 25.4 ± 1.3 mg/g sample

Published clinical experiments

Inhibition detected
cyclosporin a, cyclosporin a, cyclosporin a, debrisoquine, dextromethorphan, losartan, midazolam, midazolam, midazolam, midazolam
No overall effect
caffeine, caffeine, chloroxazone, cyclosporin a, furosemide, indinavir, metformin, metformin, metformin, metformin, omeprazole, rosuvastatin, rosuvastatin lactone




Data points represent the following samples (click to show/hide):

ID Subject of Study Study Name Name Type Overall Effect Enzymes Transporters Object Object Metabolite Precipitant
NPDI-8px6rQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans CYP2D6 Experiment In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP2D6
dextromethorphan berberine
NPDI-M8kbsQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans CYP2C9 Experiment In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP2C9
losartan berberine
NPDI-j7Vnlw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans CYP3A4 Experiment In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP3A4
midazolam berberine
NPDI-0eAs4g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Influence of Goldenseal Root on the Pharmacokinetics of Indinavir Indinavir/ Goldenseal Root Experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • CYP3A4
indinavir goldenseal root extract
NPDI-3VbSWA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans CYP1A2 Experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • CYP1A2
caffeine berberine
NPDI-roGv8w Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Time-Dependent Inhibition of CYP2C19 by Isoquinoline Alkaloids: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis CYP2C19 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2C19
dibenzylfluorescein fluorescein berberine
NPDI-nzhlHQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans CYP2C19 Experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • CYP2C19
omeprazole berberine
NPDI-Aw3yIw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Supplementation With Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), but not Kava Kava (Piper methysticum), Inhibits Human CYP3A Activity In Vivo CYP3A4 Experiment - MDZ probe In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP3A4
midazolam goldenseal root extract
NPDI-K4rJHw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) In Vivo and in Vitro Study on Drug-Drug Interaction of Lovastatin and Berberine from Pharmacokinetic and HepG2 Cell Metabolism Studies Induction of CYP3A4 by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Induction positive — In Vitro Enzyme Induction
  • CYP3A4
lovastatin
NPDI-FANNaQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Differential inhibition of CYP1-catalyzed regioselective hydroxylation of estradiol by berberine and its oxidative metabolites CYP1A1 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP1A1
17-beta-estradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol berberine
NPDI-FJjrAg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effects of Berberine on the Pharmacokinetics of Ciclosporin A in Healthy Volunteers CsA 6 mg/kg Experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • CYP3A4
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 cyclosporin a berberine
NPDI-6IV4Kg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effects of Berberine on the Pharmacokinetics of Ciclosporin A in Healthy Volunteers CsA 3 mg/kg Experiement In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP3A4
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 cyclosporin a berberine
NPDI-uJn2xw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study CsA in Renal Transplant patients In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
cyclosporin a berberine
NPDI-C2C-Nw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study CsA Trough measurements in 52 patients In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
cyclosporin a berberine
NPDI-Bi2fGw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 phenotypes CYP3A4 Experiment In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP3A4
midazolam goldenseal root extract
NPDI-T6Zq4Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 phenotypes CYP1A2 Experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • CYP1A2
caffeine goldenseal root extract
NPDI-Vt7rHw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 phenotypes CYP2E1 Experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • CYP2E1
chloroxazone goldenseal root extract
NPDI-fDeLbA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 phenotypes CYP2D6 Experiment In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP2D6
debrisoquine goldenseal root extract
NPDI-jrKjdQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Differential inhibition of CYP1-catalyzed regioselective hydroxylation of estradiol by berberine and its oxidative metabolites CYP1A2 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP1A2
17-beta-estradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol berberine
NPDI-2ugVjg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Poor permeability and absorption affect the activity of four alkaloids from Coptis Efflux of Berberine through P-gp In Vitro Transporter Kinetics negative — No In Vitro Transport Activity
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine
NPDI-u1oBIg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Enzyme-inducing effects of berberine on cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro and in vivo In Vitro CYP1A2 Induction In Vitro Enzyme Induction positive — In Vitro Enzyme Induction
  • CYP1A2
acetaminophen
NPDI-8msv7A Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Enzyme-inducing effects of berberine on cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro and in vivo Induction of CYP1A2 Measured by mRNA Expression In Vitro Enzyme Induction positive — In Vitro Enzyme Induction
  • CYP1A2
acetaminophen
NPDI-oYawZw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Poor permeability and absorption affect the activity of four alkaloids from Coptis P-gp Permeability of Berberine Induced by Verapamil In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine verapamil
NPDI-mUlTOw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Organic anion-transporting polypeptides contribute to the hepatic uptake of berberine BBR-OATP1B1 In Vitro Transporter Kinetics negative — No In Vitro Transport Activity
  • OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1)
 berberine
NPDI-kt6jEg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Organic anion-transporting polypeptides contribute to the hepatic uptake of berberine Transport of Berberine by OAT1B3 In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3)
 berberine
NPDI-FWZOMQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Tetrandrine Potentiates the Hypoglycemic Efficacy of Berberine by Inhibiting P-Glycoprotein Function Reduced Efflux of Berberine Through P-gp In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine tetrandrine
NPDI-ZdbG7w Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effect of Oxidation on Berberine-Mediated CYP1 Inhibition: Oxidation Behavior and Metabolite-Mediated Inhibition CYP1A2 preincubation w/o NADPH In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP1A2
7-ethoxyresorufin resorufin berberine
NPDI-5sDXyA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effect of Oxidation on Berberine-Mediated CYP1 Inhibition: Oxidation Behavior and Metabolite-Mediated Inhibition CYP1A1 preincubation with NADPH In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP1A1
7-ethoxyresorufin resorufin berberine
NPDI-NAiMNw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effect of Oxidation on Berberine-Mediated CYP1 Inhibition: Oxidation Behavior and Metabolite-Mediated Inhibition Pre-incubation w/o NADPH In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP1A1
7-ethoxyresorufin resorufin berberine
NPDI-jjh4MA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effect of Oxidation on Berberine-Mediated CYP1 Inhibition: Oxidation Behavior and Metabolite-Mediated Inhibition 1A2 pre-incubation with NADPH In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP1A2
7-ethoxyresorufin resorufin berberine
NPDI-hYXlNQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An ex vivo approach to botanical-drug interactions: A proof of concept study 3A4/5 Inhibition by Goldenseal In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam goldenseal root extract
NPDI-YlLZrw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Identification of novel dietary phytochemicals inhibiting the efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) Inhibition of BCRP by Berberine In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • BCRP (ABCG2)
 mitoxantrone berberine
NPDI-jCImIg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Identification of novel dietary phytochemicals inhibiting the efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) BCRP inhibition measured by accumulation In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • BCRP (ABCG2)
 mitoxantrone
NPDI-a3Bf6g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein by HIV Protease Inhibitors Increases Intracellular Accumulation of Berberine in Murine and Human Macrophages Ritonavir P-gp Inhibition In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine
NPDI-3z4F5w Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein by HIV Protease Inhibitors Increases Intracellular Accumulation of Berberine in Murine and Human Macrophages Amprenavir P-gp Inhibition In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine
NPDI-VpSvoQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein by HIV Protease Inhibitors Increases Intracellular Accumulation of Berberine in Murine and Human Macrophages Lopinavir P-gp Inhibition In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine
NPDI-PaRJNQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An ex vivo approach to botanical-drug interactions: A proof of concept study 3A4/5 Inhibition by Berberine (PB) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam berberine
NPDI-6AJ-fg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An ex vivo approach to botanical-drug interactions: A proof of concept study 3A4/5 Inhibition by Hydrastine (PB) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam hydrastine
NPDI-KGE4lw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An ex vivo approach to botanical-drug interactions: A proof of concept study 3A4/5 Inhibition by Berberine (Plasma) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam berberine
NPDI-gAs6gw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An ex vivo approach to botanical-drug interactions: A proof of concept study 3A4/5 Inhibition by Hydrastine (Plasma) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam hydrastine
NPDI-gJxFZQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of organic cation transporter 2 and 3 may be involved in the mechanism of the antidepressant-like action of berberine OCT2 Inhibition by Berberine (5-HT) In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • OCT2 (SLC22A2)
 serotonin berberine
NPDI-rR-2qg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of organic cation transporter 2 and 3 may be involved in the mechanism of the antidepressant-like action of berberine OCT2 Inhibition by Berberine (NE) In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • OCT2 (SLC22A2)
 norepinephrine berberine
NPDI-5R4-8g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of organic cation transporter 2 and 3 may be involved in the mechanism of the antidepressant-like action of berberine Berberine Transport by OCT2 In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • OCT2 (SLC22A2)
 berberine
NPDI-zv6CYw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Vectorial transport of the plant alkaloid berberine by double-transfected cells expressing the human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) and the efflux pump MDR1 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) Berberine Transport by OCT1 In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • OCT1 (SLC22A1)
 berberine
NPDI-PeLrDg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Vectorial transport of the plant alkaloid berberine by double-transfected cells expressing the human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) and the efflux pump MDR1 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) Berberine Transport by OCT2 In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • OCT2 (SLC22A2)
 berberine
NPDI-ldcSbA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Vectorial transport of the plant alkaloid berberine by double-transfected cells expressing the human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) and the efflux pump MDR1 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) P-gp Transport of Berberine In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine
NPDI-jjfDSA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Effects of Herbal Products and their Constituents on Human Cytochrome P4502E1 Activity CYP2E1 Inhibition by GS root extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2E1
p-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenyl sulfate goldenseal root extract
NPDI-Wkqo4w Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Effects of Herbal Products and their Constituents on Human Cytochrome P4502E1 Activity CYP2E1 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2E1
p-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenyl sulfate berberine
NPDI-aGqWbw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Effects of Herbal Products and their Constituents on Human Cytochrome P4502E1 Activity 2E1 Inhibition by Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2E1
p-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenyl sulfate hydrastine
NPDI-VqNO0Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C8 Inhibition by Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C8
paclitaxel 6-alpha-hydroxy paclitaxel hydrastine
NPDI-5wiIYg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 3A4 Inhibition by Hydrastine (Testosterone) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone hydrastine
NPDI-dgm1Ww Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C9 Inhibition by Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2C9
tolbutamide hydroxymethyltolbutamide hydrastine
NPDI-6cuc3g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C19 Inhibition by Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C19
mephenytoin, (s)- 4-hydroxymephenytoin, (s)- hydrastine
NPDI-2kECKw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C8 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2C8
paclitaxel 6-alpha-hydroxy paclitaxel berberine
NPDI-c2kfPA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C19 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2C19
mephenytoin, (s)- 4-hydroxymephenytoin, (s)- berberine
NPDI-cRrAsg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2D6 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
dextromethorphan dextrorphan berberine
NPDI-1ijwVg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 3A4 Inhibition by Berberine (Testosterone) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone berberine
NPDI-cesmqQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C8 Inhibition by Ethanolic GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C8
paclitaxel 6-alpha-hydroxy paclitaxel ethanolic goldenseal extract
NPDI-uBMfpQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C9 Inhibition by Ethanolic GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2C9
tolbutamide hydroxymethyltolbutamide ethanolic goldenseal extract
NPDI-3QKJaw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C19 Inhibition by Ethanolic GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C19
mephenytoin, (s)- 4-hydroxymephenytoin, (s)- ethanolic goldenseal extract
NPDI-PqZKVg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2D6 Inhibition by Ethanolic GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
dextromethorphan dextrorphan ethanolic goldenseal extract
NPDI-cnkDpg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 3A4 Inhibition by Ethanolic GS Extract (MDZ) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam ethanolic goldenseal extract
NPDI-ibIkjQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 3A4 Inhibition by Ethanolic GS Extract (Testosterone) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone ethanolic goldenseal extract
NPDI-37V97Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C8 Inhibition by Aq GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2C8
paclitaxel 6-alpha-hydroxy paclitaxel aqueous goldenseal extract
NPDI-0_ey6g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2C19 Inhibition by Aq GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C19
mephenytoin, (s)- 4-hydroxymephenytoin, (s)- aqueous goldenseal extract
NPDI-IdieOw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2D6 Inhibition by Aq GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
dextromethorphan dextrorphan aqueous goldenseal extract
NPDI-Z0x9xQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 3A4 Inhibition by Aq GS Extract (MDZ) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam aqueous goldenseal extract
NPDI--K80vw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2C9 Inhibition by GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C9
diclofenac 4'-hydroxydiclofenac goldenseal root extract
NPDI-OCQ06Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 3A4 Inhibition by GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone goldenseal root extract
NPDI-qzY27Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2D6 Inhibition by GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
bufuralol 1'-hydroxybufuralol goldenseal root extract
NPDI-d4PkwQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human MDR1 and MRP1 Recognize Berberine as Their Transport Substrate Berberine Transport by P-gp In Vitro Transporter Kinetics positive — In Vitro Transport
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine
NPDI-IXEC2g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human MDR1 and MRP1 Recognize Berberine as Their Transport Substrate Control P-gp In Vitro Transporter Kinetics (Control experiment) positive — In Vitro Transport
  • P-gp (ABCB1)
 berberine
NPDI-iSHQYQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2C9 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C9
diclofenac 4'-hydroxydiclofenac berberine
NPDI-LNDazQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2D6 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
bufuralol 1'-hydroxybufuralol berberine
NPDI-_D6yiA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 3A4 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone berberine
NPDI-w-6ghw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2D6 Inhibition by (+) Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
bufuralol 1'-hydroxybufuralol hydrastine
NPDI-39rhWg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 3A4 Inhibition by (+) Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone hydrastine
NPDI-3M10oA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2C9 Inhibition by (+) Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C9
diclofenac 4'-hydroxydiclofenac hydrastine
NPDI-wdarow Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2C9 Inhibition by (-) Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2C9
diclofenac 4'-hydroxydiclofenac (-)-beta-hydrastine
NPDI-CDvKlQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 3A4 Inhibition by (-) Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone (-)-beta-hydrastine
NPDI-UaWFPQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components 2D6 Inhibition by (-) Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
bufuralol 1'-hydroxybufuralol (-)-beta-hydrastine
NPDI-_UID1w Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 3A4 Inhibition by Hydrastine (MDZ) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
midazolam 1'-hydroxymidazolam hydrastine
NPDI-59mQTg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 1A2 Inhibition by Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP1A2
acetanilide acetaminophen hydrastine
NPDI-ij84RA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2E1 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP2E1
p-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenyl sulfate berberine
NPDI-oVpWlA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 1A2 Inhibition by Ethanolic GS Extract In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP1A2
acetanilide acetaminophen ethanolic goldenseal extract
NPDI-cYwbww Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 3A4 Inhibition by Aq GS Extract (Testosterone) In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
testosterone 6beta-hydroxytestosterone aqueous goldenseal extract
NPDI-OFFj8Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures 3A4 Inhibition by Berberine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition positive — In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition
  • CYP3A4
7-ethoxyresorufin resorufin berberine
NPDI-6gn9Dg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2D6 Inhibition by Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2D6
dextromethorphan dextrorphan hydrastine
NPDI-NNibEQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents 2E1 Inhibition by Hydrastine In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition negative — In Vitro Enzyme Negligible Inhibition
  • CYP2E1
p-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenyl sulfate hydrastine
NPDI-9t7UTw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal Characterization of Material Goldenseal Characterization of Material Experiment Characterization of Material
NPDI-bcNEPw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) A clinical study of transporter-mediated goldenseal drug interactions clinical goldenseal - furosemide experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • OAT1 (SLC22A6)
  • OAT3 (SLC22A8)
 furosemide goldenseal root extract
NPDI-_zSDOQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) A clinical study of transporter-mediated goldenseal drug interactions clinical goldenseal - metformin study In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Decreased systemic exposure
  • MATE1 (SLC47A1)
  • MATE2-K (SLC47A2)
  • OCT1 (SLC22A1)
  • OCT2 (SLC22A2)
 metformin goldenseal root extract
NPDI-DboNmw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) A clinical study of transporter-mediated goldenseal drug interactions clinical goldenseal - midazolam experiment In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Increased systemic exposure
  • CYP3A4
midazolam goldenseal root extract
NPDI-8KuZrA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) A clinical study of transporter-mediated goldenseal drug interactions clinical goldenseal - rosuvastatin acid experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • BCRP (ABCG2)
  • OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1)
  • OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3)
 rosuvastatin goldenseal root extract
NPDI-M015vQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) A clinical study of transporter-mediated goldenseal drug interactions clinical goldenseal - rosuvastatin lactone experiment In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
  • OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1)
  • OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3)
 rosuvastatin lactone goldenseal root extract
NPDI-xD43_Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal root extract Nuclear Receptor Induction study - Ole Miss Goldenseal - In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction PXR Experiment - 1 In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction negative — In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Non-induction
  • Pregnane X receptor (PXR)
goldenseal root extract
NPDI-pY8Kvw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal root extract Nuclear Receptor Induction study - Ole Miss Goldenseal - In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction PXR Experiment - 2 In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction negative — In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Non-induction
  • Pregnane X receptor (PXR)
goldenseal root extract
NPDI-pgGq0g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal root extract Nuclear Receptor Induction study - Ole Miss Goldenseal - In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction PXR Experiment - 3 In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction negative — In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Non-induction
  • Pregnane X receptor (PXR)
goldenseal root extract
NPDI-_uEXTQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal root extract Nuclear Receptor Induction study - Ole Miss Goldenseal - In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction AHR Experiment - 1 In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction positive — In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)
goldenseal root extract
NPDI-UGfCNQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal root extract Nuclear Receptor Induction study - Ole Miss Goldenseal - In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction AHR Experiment - 3 In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction positive — In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)
goldenseal root extract
NPDI-pCWDFA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal root extract Nuclear Receptor Induction study - Ole Miss Goldenseal - In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction AHR Experiment - 2 In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction positive — In Vitro Nuclear Receptor Induction
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)
goldenseal root extract
NPDI-_tymTQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Inhibition of PMAT by Goldenseal In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • ENT4 (SLC29A4)
 mpp+ goldenseal root extract
NPDI-eiNjiQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Inhibition of PMAT by Berberine In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • ENT4 (SLC29A4)
 mpp+ berberine
NPDI-g3SJcw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Inhibition of THTR2 by Goldenseal In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • THTR2 (SLC19A3)
 thiamine goldenseal root extract
NPDI-NyZpzA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Inhibition of THTR2 by Berberine In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • THTR2 (SLC19A3)
 thiamine berberine
NPDI-ofSGNw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Inhibition of OCT3 by Berberine In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • OCT3 (SLC22A3)
 mpp+ berberine
NPDI-WdP3OQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Inhibition of OCT3 by Goldenseal In Vitro Transporter Inhibition positive — In Vitro Transporter Inhibition
  • OCT3 (SLC22A3)
 mpp+ goldenseal root extract
NPDI-dS7vAQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Goldenseal Extract In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Decreased systemic exposure
metformin aqueous goldenseal extract
NPDI-KWj0Jg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Berberine In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
metformin berberine
NPDI-yehRxQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - (-)-β-hydrastine In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
metformin (-)-beta-hydrastine
NPDI-yewsDg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Oral Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Imatinib In Vivo Interaction positive — PK Interaction - Decreased systemic exposure
metformin imatinib
NPDI-n4yXtA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Intravenous Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Goldenseal Extract In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
metformin aqueous goldenseal extract
NPDI-YlzfNg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project Intravenous Metformin/Oral Inhibitor Mouse Study - Imatinib In Vivo Interaction negative — No Effect (based on bioequivalence limits)
metformin imatinib
NPDI-ZFajng Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal Metabolomics Goldenseal Metabolomics Experiment Metabolomics
ID Subject of Study Name
NPDI-twVQgQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Supplementation With Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), but not Kava Kava (Piper methysticum), Inhibits Human CYP3A Activity In Vivo
NPDI-C-vzvw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Poor permeability and absorption affect the activity of four alkaloids from Coptis
NPDI-fLne_g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Influence of Goldenseal Root on the Pharmacokinetics of Indinavir
NPDI-iLBKJw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) R21 Goldenseal Project
NPDI-EiXGKA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents
NPDI-47DSLg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Effects of Herbal Products and their Constituents on Human Cytochrome P4502E1 Activity
NPDI-Em0b2g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal Characterization of Material
NPDI-5XFThQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans
NPDI-rmRb0A Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study
NPDI-ftEv0g Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 phenotypes
NPDI-Tq41aQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) In Vivo and in Vitro Study on Drug-Drug Interaction of Lovastatin and Berberine from Pharmacokinetic and HepG2 Cell Metabolism Studies
NPDI-hKjwcg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Organic anion-transporting polypeptides contribute to the hepatic uptake of berberine
NPDI-rRRoQw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of organic cation transporter 2 and 3 may be involved in the mechanism of the antidepressant-like action of berberine
NPDI-4zmpGg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Time-Dependent Inhibition of CYP2C19 by Isoquinoline Alkaloids: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
NPDI-5Mf9Qw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effect of Oxidation on Berberine-Mediated CYP1 Inhibition: Oxidation Behavior and Metabolite-Mediated Inhibition
NPDI-ZfxNfg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Vectorial transport of the plant alkaloid berberine by double-transfected cells expressing the human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) and the efflux pump MDR1 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)
NPDI-dBrDOg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human MDR1 and MRP1 Recognize Berberine as Their Transport Substrate
NPDI-yBr48Q Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The Effects of Berberine on the Pharmacokinetics of Ciclosporin A in Healthy Volunteers
NPDI-O4gNrA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) A clinical study of transporter-mediated goldenseal drug interactions
NPDI-sv6smA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal Metabolomics
NPDI-luckpg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An ex vivo approach to botanical-drug interactions: A proof of concept study
NPDI-pHkLHA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures
NPDI-jEZ9Ng Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Differential inhibition of CYP1-catalyzed regioselective hydroxylation of estradiol by berberine and its oxidative metabolites
NPDI-SPpDlg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Enzyme-inducing effects of berberine on cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro and in vivo
NPDI-agZaLg Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Human Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Metabolic-Intermediate Complex Formation By Goldenseal Extract and Its Methylenedioxyphenyl Components
NPDI--aO6Bw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Identification of novel dietary phytochemicals inhibiting the efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2)
NPDI-uO_CeA Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein by HIV Protease Inhibitors Increases Intracellular Accumulation of Berberine in Murine and Human Macrophages
NPDI-rREhEQ Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Tetrandrine Potentiates the Hypoglycemic Efficacy of Berberine by Inhibiting P-Glycoprotein Function
NPDI-diarHw Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goldenseal root extract Nuclear Receptor Induction study - Ole Miss